Stephen Hawking (1942–2018): Stephen Hawking was a British theoretical physicist and cosmologist, best known for his contributions to the fields of cosmology, general relativity, and quantum gravity. Born in the mid-20th century, Hawking’s work centered around the physics of black holes and the universe. He proposed that black holes are not completely black but emit radiation due to quantum effects near the event horizon. This discovery was advanced as it combined principles from quantum mechanics and general relativity. Hawking also applied the mathematics of black holes to the entire universe resulting in our current understanding of the Big Bang and the eventual fate of the universe. Despite battling a rare form of motor neurone disease that left him almost entirely paralyzed, Hawking continued his research and writing becoming a symbol of the power of the human mind.