Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958): Rosalind Franklin was a British chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose contributions to the understanding of molecular structures helped unravel the structure of DNA. Born in the early 20th century, Franklin worked at King’s College London where she used X-ray diffraction techniques to examine the structure of DNA. Her photographs provided key insights into the molecule’s double helix structure. Franklin’s contributions were not fully recognized during her lifetime. Beyond DNA, she made significant contributions to the understanding of the molecular structures of RNA, viruses, coal, and graphite. Although she passed away before the Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery of the structure of DNA, her work continues to be recognized for its impact on the fields of biology and chemistry.